International Taxation for Companies in India

Transfer pricing rarely stands alone. We provide international taxation services for companies in India covering permanent establishment exposure, withholding tax and treaty positions, thin capitalisation and commercially workable cross-border tax structuring.

Overview

Transfer pricing and international tax, handled together

International taxation services for companies in India cover permanent establishment risk, withholding tax and DTAA treaty benefits, Section 94B thin capitalisation, where interest deductions on qualifying related-party debt may be limited with reference to 30% of EBITDA, and cross-border structuring.

A related-party transaction rarely raises only a transfer pricing question. The same arrangement may also create tax withholding, permanent establishment, profit attribution, interest deductibility or treaty eligibility issues. Analysing each subject separately can result in inconsistent positions across agreements, tax returns, transfer pricing documentation and remittance paperwork.

Our approach connects the commercial arrangement with the applicable provisions of Indian tax law and the relevant Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement. This allows management teams to understand the complete tax position before making payments, signing contracts, funding an Indian entity or establishing a more substantial presence in India.

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Who this service applies to

Our international taxation advisory is suitable for Indian entities of multinational groups, foreign companies operating or investing in India, Indian businesses expanding overseas and groups restructuring cross-border ownership, financing or service arrangements.

We also assist finance teams that require a coordinated position between tax withholding, treaty documentation and international transaction transfer pricing .

What We Cover

The complete cross-border tax picture

We review the legal, financial and operational facts behind the transaction to develop a practical international tax position that can be implemented consistently.

Permanent Establishment and Attribution

We assess whether the activities of a foreign enterprise may create a permanent establishment in India under domestic law and the applicable DTAA. The review may cover fixed-place operations, construction or installation projects, service arrangements, dependent agents, employees working in India and contractual authority.

Where a potential permanent establishment exists, we examine profit attribution, functional substance, local activities, risks and assets so that the income attributed to India is supported by the underlying business facts.

Withholding Tax and DTAA Services

Cross-border payments can attract different withholding obligations depending on whether they represent royalties, interest, fees for technical services, business income, reimbursements or another category of income.

Our withholding tax and DTAA services include payment characterisation, treaty analysis, beneficial ownership and supporting documentation reviews, Form 15CA and Form 15CB assistance, and support for lower or nil withholding applications where appropriate.

Section 94B Thin Capitalisation

Section 94B may restrict the deduction of qualifying interest or similar expenditure incurred by an Indian company or an Indian permanent establishment on certain debt involving a non-resident associated enterprise.

We analyse the ₹1 crore applicability threshold, associated enterprise relationship, guarantees or matching-fund arrangements, EBITDA-based limitation and available carry-forward of restricted interest. We also align the analysis with the group's financing agreements and transfer pricing support for the interest rate.

Cross-Border Tax Structuring India

We assist with tax-efficient and commercially sustainable structures for inbound investment, overseas expansion, group financing, intellectual property arrangements, business reorganisations and intercompany service models.

The objective is not merely to identify a low-tax route. We consider substance, treaty access, withholding leakage, permanent establishment risk, transfer pricing, interest deductibility, compliance costs and the ability to defend the structure during a tax review.

Our Process

A single, integrated international tax position

Our process converts complex domestic and treaty provisions into a documented position that can be followed by tax, finance and legal teams.

Step 1

Structure Review

We map the ownership structure, transaction flow, contracts, payment terms, financing arrangements and actual functions performed by the parties in each jurisdiction.

Step 2

Risk Assessment

We identify permanent establishment, withholding tax, treaty, beneficial ownership, profit attribution and interest-limitation exposures before prioritising the issues requiring action.

Step 3

Treaty and Tax Analysis

We analyse the applicable DTAA alongside Indian domestic tax rules and review the documentation required to support the intended tax treatment.

Step 4

Integrated Advisory

We align transfer pricing, withholding tax, permanent establishment and structuring positions into one coherent recommendation with clear compliance and implementation steps.

Why Work With Us

One team, one consistent cross-border tax position

We combine transfer pricing knowledge, treaty interpretation and practical compliance support so that each part of the arrangement tells the same commercial and tax story.

Integrated Advisory

Transfer pricing and international taxation are reviewed together, helping prevent contradictions between agreements, withholding positions, tax filings and transfer pricing documentation.

Treaty and Industry Understanding

We evaluate treaty provisions in the context of the group's actual industry, functions and operating model, including specialised considerations relevant to the BFSI industry .

Legal and Tax Coordination

Lawyers and Chartered Accountants can work from the same facts and transaction documents, producing advice that considers both legal enforceability and tax implementation.

FAQs

International taxation questions

What do international taxation services for companies in India cover? +
International taxation services generally cover permanent establishment exposure, withholding tax, DTAA treaty benefits, Section 94B thin capitalisation, cross-border transaction structuring, profit attribution and coordination with transfer pricing positions.
What triggers Section 94B interest limitation? +
Section 94B may apply where an Indian company or a permanent establishment of a foreign company incurs qualifying interest or similar expenditure exceeding ₹1 crore on debt issued by a non-resident associated enterprise, including certain guaranteed or matching-fund arrangements. Subject to the applicable provisions, the deduction is limited to 30% of EBITDA or the interest paid or payable to associated enterprises, whichever is lower. Eligible restricted interest may generally be carried forward for up to eight assessment years.
Do companies need a lower withholding tax certificate for every cross-border payment? +
Not necessarily. The correct withholding position depends on the nature of the payment, Indian domestic tax provisions, the applicable DTAA, supporting documents and any available lower or nil withholding mechanism. A certificate may be useful where applying the regular rate would result in excessive withholding.
How is permanent establishment risk assessed in India? +
Permanent establishment risk is assessed by reviewing the foreign enterprise's activities in India, office or project presence, employee and agent functions, contractual authority, duration of activities, service arrangements and the provisions of the applicable tax treaty. The analysis should reflect what the parties actually do, not only what their written agreements state.

Need an integrated transfer pricing and international tax review?

Book a free consultation to discuss your cross-border structure, payments and potential Indian tax exposure.

Related: International Transaction Transfer Pricing · BFSI Transfer Pricing